Forage Crops
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STUBBLE TURNIPS
Stubble turnips are a fast growing catch crop, popular with livestock farmers. They may be sown aft er first cut silage for summer grazing or after winter cereals for autumn usage. When planting a large acreage it is advisable to stagger sowing dates, increasing the seed rate in dry conditions. If using for dairy cow grazing it is important to take into consideration the distance between the field and the milking parlour. Strip grazing is advisable if possible to limit wastage.
There are two types of stubble turnip: bulbing (see Barkant and Vollenda) and non bulbing (see Tyfon)
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 3.5 - 4.0 tonnes/hectare |
| Average fresh yields |
= 38 - 40 tonnes/hectare |
| Dry matter |
= 8 - 9% |
| Crude protein |
= 17-18% (mainly leaves) |
| Digestibility value |
= 68-70% |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 11 MJ/kg DM |
|
|
Variety |
|
Barkant |
Vollenda (T) |
Tyfon |
|
Relative Yield of Dry Matter |
104 |
102 |
102 |
|
Dry Matter Content %) |
9.5 |
9.7 |
8.9 |
|
Root Size 9 =large 1=small |
4 |
5 |
2 |
|
Root Anchorage 9=good 1=poor |
5 |
4 |
6 |
|
Bolting Resistance early sown) 9 =good 1=poor |
6 |
9 |
3 |
|
Winter Hardiness 9=good 1=poor |
7 |
7 |
5 |
|
Club Root 9=good 1=poor |
7 |
8 |
5 |
|
Powdery Mildew Resistance 9=good 1=poor |
5 |
5 |
3 |
Source NIAB
VARIETIES
BULBING TYPES:
BARKANT
A proven variety of Stubble Turnip with the highest dry matter yield
-
Very Winter hardy
-
High dry matter yields
-
Highly digestible
-
Reliable
VOLLENDA (TETRAPLOID)
A highly digestible tetraploid variety noted for its speed of growth, yield and bolting resistance
-
A large leafed, highly digestible variety with good early vigour and good disease resistance
-
It retains its palatability throughout the season, and is noted for its yield, speed of growth and bolting resistance
Pack size 5kg & 25kg Supplied unteated as standard Flea Beetle treatment available on both Barkant & Vollenda
TYFON
A very fast growing cross between Chinese Cabbage and Stubble Turnip producing an abundance of palatable leaves
-
A leafy, fast growing cross between Chinese Cabbage and Stubble Turnip, producing 50 to 80 tonnes per hectare
-
It exhibits high frost resistance and can be utilised within eight to ten weeks aft er sowing
-
There is potential for regrowth
-
Pack size 5kg Seed treatment Thiram
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FORAGE RAPE
Forage Rape has the advantage of being a very fast growing forage crop, suitable for grazing by sheep or cattle. An ideal catch crop for boosting mid Summer forage production when planted in the Spring.
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 3.5 tonnes/hectare |
| Average fresh yields |
= 24 - 35 tonnes/hectare |
| Dry matter |
= 12 - 14% |
| Crude protein |
= 19 - 20% (mainly leaves) |
| Digestibility value |
= 65D |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 10 - 11 MJ/kg DM |
Consider growing in a mixture with Stubble Turnips to combine the benefits of both crops
VARIETIES
|
Zoom Brassica Mixture
This is a very vigorous and quick growing mixture which is ideal for replacing failed crops or patching spring sown crops. High seedling vigour gives a reliable establishment of a high leaf to stem ratio crop with carefully selected varieties that have good disease and bolting resistance.
Pack size 5kg Rovral, Thiram & Sepiret treated |
NAPOLEON
- Very high yields and more Winter hardy than Emerald
- Quick to establish, ideal catch crop
- Can be mixed with grass to improve intake
- Has a wide sowing window
- Provides superb Autumn/Winter keep for finishing lambs and flushing ewes
- Stock should be introduced gradually and an area of grassland should be available for animals to return to; hay or straw should also be made available
Pack Size 5kg & 25kg untreated
EMERALD
-
A rapidly establishing, medium-to-tall, palatable variety with above average dry matter yields and good general disease resistance
-
Pack Size 5kg & 25kg untreated
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PASJA Hybrid Root Crop
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 10 tonnes/hectare |
| Regrowth potential |
= Very high |
| Crude protein |
= 24% |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 12.5 MJ/kg DM |
- Pasja is a turnip/rape hybrid that has the unique forage characteristic of a large amount of leaf and a swollen root crown which anchors the plant fi rmly in the soil, the crown enabling the plant to re-grow after grazing
- For maximum regrowth and highest total yield, rapid grazing is essential and overgrazing resulting in damage to the crowns should be avoided
- Strip grazing 6 - 8 weeks from sowing is critical to future production and life-span of the crop and it must be back-fenced to facilitate regrowth
- Pasja is very successful when direct drilled into cereal stubbles
- The exceptionally leafy forage crop can produce up to 10 tonnes of good nutritional dry matter through the growing season
- Do not prolong commencement of grazing aft er 42 days in the hope of increased yield
- You may need to stagger sowing dates to ensure the Pasja does not over mature
- Pack Size 5kg untreated
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FODDER BEET
Fodder Beet is grown as a main root crop, which requires similar husbandry to Sugar Beet. It can produce substantial yields of high quality forage and is an excellent supplement to grass silage. It can produce substantial yields of high quality forage and is an excellent supplement to grass silage. The roots are very palatable to stock and have superb feed quality. Specialist harvesting equipment is required to lift the roots and storage is required unless they are strip grazed in situ. Medium dry matter varieties tend to have a higher percentage of root above ground and can be lift ed with a top lifter and therefore have a relatively low dirt tare. These highly palatable roots can be fed whole to stock. High dry matter varieties tend to sit further in the ground and require a sugar beet harvester to lift them. Due to the higher dirt tare and hardness of the root, these varieties may need to be chopped and washed before feeding. After wilting, the tops may be fed to stock and can contribute a further yield of 3-4 tonnes of protein-rich dry matter per hectare.
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 13-15 tonnes/hectare |
| Average fresh yield |
= 80-90 tonnes/hectare |
| Dry matter |
= 12-19% |
| Crude protein |
= 12-13% |
| Digestibility value |
= 78D |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 12.5-13.5 MJ/kg DM |
|
VARIETY |
| Alpes |
Magnum |
Tintin |
Kyros |
Feldherr |
Jamon |
Clean dry matter yield (100=15.2t/ha) |
107 |
107 |
103 |
99 |
90 |
99 |
As fresh yield (100=100.4 t/ha) |
105 |
96 |
101 |
100 |
111 |
105 |
Dry Matter Content (%) |
17.3 |
19.3 |
17.6 |
16.8 |
13.8 |
16.2 |
Establishment (9=good 1-poor) |
6.9 |
7.4 |
8.2 |
7 |
7 |
7.6 |
| Bolting (%) |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
Top size (9=large 1= small) |
7.1 |
6.5 |
6.7 |
7.2 |
7.4 |
6.8 |
% of Root in ground |
67 |
78 |
72 |
67 |
59 |
67 |
Cleanliness (9=best 1=worst) |
7 |
6.4 |
6 |
6.7 |
6.1 |
5.8 |
Rust (9-best 1=worst) |
6 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
Ramularia (9=best 1=worst) |
n/a |
7 |
n/a |
4 |
6 |
6 |
VARIETIES
ALPES
- The ultimate fodder beet variety from the world leading DLF Trifolium plant breeding programme
- It has exceptional all round characteristics and is notably the highest yielding, cleanest fodder beet available, thus ensuring less waste and more profit
- Alpes benefi ts from large top size and has 33% of its root above ground which allows for easy lifting
- Good resistance to
bolting.
MAGNUM
-
Magnum has a consistent root size and reliable high dry matter yields
-
It is a very palatable variety therefore increasing appetite and dry matter intake in all stock
-
Higher dry matter fodder beet has been shown to increase milk yield and daily live weight gain
-
Due to its high dry matter content it is more frost resistant than other varieties with a high proportion of clean, white root in the ground
TINTIN
- Higher fresh and dry matter yield than Kyros
- High establishment scores in NIAB trials ensure reliable, vigorous and even establishment in farm situations,
- facilitating easier weed control and crop management
- Tintin has uniform orange roots of medium dry matter content, ensuring easy
- digestion by livestock
- It produces a clean and easily lifted root (limited)
KYROS
- A very consistent, high yielding variety producing a clean, highly palatable and easily digestible root at harvest Kyros will
provide a high energy feed whole or chopped
Pack size - 50,000 seeds per acre
Seed Treatment - Mesurol, Gaucho and limited untreated seed available
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KALE
Kale is a Brassica crop traditionally grown for grazing by cattle or sheep in the Autumn and Winter. It can also be cut and fed to stock ‘in house’ or as an alternative can be ensiled as big bale kaleage. It is very adaptable and can grow on most sites throughout the UK.
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 8-10 tonnes/hectare |
| Average fresh yield |
= 60-65 tonnes/hectare |
| Dry matter |
= 14-16% |
| Crude protein |
= 16-17% fresh 19-25% ensiled |
| Digestibility value |
= 68D |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 10-11 MJ/kg DM |
|
Variety |
Dry Matter Yield |
Fresh Yield |
Dry Matter |
Mean Height cm |
Lodging Resistance |
Winter Hardiness |
|
Keeper |
104 |
97 |
16.4 |
79.8 |
9.0 |
7.0 |
|
Maris Kestrel (control) |
100 |
100 |
14.8 |
61.8 |
8.9 |
7.0 |
|
Marrowstem |
116 |
116 |
14.9 |
105.5 |
8.0 |
7.0 |
|
Pinfold |
113 |
108 |
16.2 |
93.1 |
8.2 |
7.0 |
|
Thousand Head |
99 |
89 |
16.9 |
89.6 |
8.5 |
8.0 |
|
Bittern |
111 |
107 |
16.1 |
83.7 |
9.0 |
7.0 |
Yields are tonnes/ hectare as a percentage of Maris Kestrel.
Winter Hardiness 1-9 (1 = poor, 9 = good) scored in January 1996 and March 1997
Lodging Resistance 1-9 (1 = poor, 9 = good)
VARIETIES
KEEPER
-
Keeper has a high leaf to stem ratio that stands well with good resistance to lodging and a high dry matter content ideal for autumn or winter utilisation
THOUSAND HEAD
- Thousand Head is a slender stemmed variety bearing leafy foliage with very high D value and dry matter content
- It has excellent winter hardiness providing forage for feeding after Christmas
- Thousand
Head can supply approximately 90 tonnes/ha of green forage matter
GRÜNER ANGELITER KALE
- A very high yielding variety with good winter hardiness and excellent feeding quality with fresh yields 15% higher than Caledonian Kale and 10% higher than Bittern in German trials
- Grüner Angeliter has been the mainstay forage variety of Kale in New Zealand and has been tried and tested in all sorts of seasons for many years and is still very popular today
- From the UK photo taken last year you can see where this excellent yield comes yield comes from
Pack size: 1 kg
Seed treatment: Rovral,Thiram & Sepiret
Flea Beetle Treatment available on Grüner Angeliter, Keeper and Thousand Head
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SWEDES
-
Swedes are a full season root crop which are mainly fed in situ; but can also be lift ed and stored in a clamp
-
They do best in areas of high rainfall, so are generally grown in the more northerly and western areas of the UK
-
Swedes also need good soil conditions and good drainage as they are sensitive to poor drainage; they do best in soils with a ph of approximately 6.5
-
Varieties are generally classed as fodder or culinary types; however there are some dual purpose types
YIELD & FEED QUALITY
| Average dry matter yield |
= 7-10 tonnes/hectare |
| Average fresh yields |
= 70-80 tonnes/hectare |
| Dry matter |
= 9-13% |
| Crude protein |
= 10-11% |
| Digestibility value |
= 82D |
| Metabolisable energy |
= 12.8-13.1 MJ/kg DM |
|
Variety |
Forage |
Culinary |
Root shape |
Skin
colour |
Flesh
colour |
|
9=globe |
|
1=tankard |
|
Airlie |
x |
x |
5 |
Light purple |
Creamy white |
|
Kenmore |
x |
|
6 |
Bronze |
White |
|
Marian |
x |
x |
4 |
Purple |
Yellow |
|
Ruta Otofte |
x |
x |
5 |
Dark Purple |
Cream |
VARIETIES
AIRLIE
- Airlie has a very high fresh yield and good disease resistance
- It is a dual purpose variety suitable for fodder and culinary use with purple skin and creamy white flesh
- Airlie
is an early to intermediate use variety
KENMORE - THE BEST FORAGE VARIETY
- Kenmore is an early maturing variety with medium dry matter, best suited as stock feed
- It has good winter hardiness which means it has a very wide utilisation window
- Kenmore
has bronze skin with white flesh
MARIAN
- Marian is a medium dry matter variety with moderate resistance to Club Root
- It
is a dual purpose variety suitable for fodder and culinary use with yellow coloured flesh and purple skin
RUTA OTOFTE
- Ruta Otoft e is a medium dry matter variety with good Mildew resistance
- It is a dual purpose variety suitable for fodder and culinary use with purple skin and cream coloured flesh
- Ruta
Otofte is a popular variety with sheep farmers
All natural seed is packed in 1 kg packs Rovral, Thiram and Sepiret treated All graded seed is packed in 0.25 kg packs Rovral, Thiram, Seperit and Flea Beetle treated
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MAIN CROP TURNIP
Later maturing than Stubble Turnips with a higher dry matter and better
winter hardiness. Th ey have a growing period of 12 - 15 weeks.
GREEN GLOBE
- Green Globe turnips produce soft easily eaten roots that are well anchored into the ground, suitable for grazing by all types of stock
- They will provide a very high fresh yield from large bulbs and are utilised between October and February, preferably strip grazed to reduce
waste
Pack size 1 acre (1kg)
Sow Late May to July
Sowing rate Drill 1-1.5kg/acre Broadcast 2kg/acre